Saturday, May 30, 2020

Instructional Systems Analysis, Design, Development, and Evaluation - 825 Words

Instructional Systems Analysis, Design, Development, and Evaluation (Coursework Sample) Content: ASSIGNMENT TWO – PART TWO Student’s Name Course Date Q1ï ¼Å¡Explain the extent to which Sam has used the ISD model of training and development. If he were to more fully use the ISD model, discuss what he should do. Instructional Systems Design model is an organized model that follows the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, and Evaluation) steps for producing effective transfer of knowledge (Penn State University, n.d.). Noe, (2010, p. 187) further defines the transfer of training as the employees continuously applying what they learned in the training. Sam has skipped important parts of the ISD model. Sam has only used the Design, Development and Implementation steps in the training process. In the development step, Sam gathers the notes, edits them where necessary and adds new titles. The statement â€Å"†¦He put out a catalogue with his course list every year in January...† (CS) shows how he prepared to recruit new trainees. In design, he applies off-colour jokes to win and retain the trainees (CS). In implementation, he keeps training records and gathers his notes together after every lesson. For Sam to fully use the ISD model, he will have to use evaluation and analysis in his training programs. Karim, Huda, and Khan define training as â€Å"performance-based development process for job efficiency and effectiveness† (2012, p. 141). Noe and Winkler (2010, as cited in week seven, slide 6) further argue that seventy per cent of learning takes place in the workplace. Evaluation is the analysis of the worth of the training program (Week 6, n.d., Slide 6). According to Noe Winkler (2012, p. 207), Sam can effectively use evaluation process by conducting needs analysis, developing measurable learning outcomes and analysing the transfer of learning outcomes, developing outcome measures, and choosing an evaluation strategy (Saad, n.d., p. 15). Analysis is intended to see whether the learners are making any progress. The mere statement like â€Å"great course†¦Ã¢â‚¬  from the trainees does not mean that they are gaining from the training programs. There has to be im provement in job performance. Sam does no need to evaluate everything (Blanchard, Thacker, Way, 2000, p. 389), but the evaluation strategy has to be in place before he delivers the training. Q2ï ¼Å¡Describe how Sam evaluates his training programs. Compare Sam’s evaluation to the President’s objectives. If Sam were to evaluate training based on the President’s objectives, discuss what he would have to do. Describe what the results would be.   Sam evaluates his training by the satisfaction he gets from the trainees. For instance, he has not had any cancellation for the past ten years and all the employees are always happy because he keeps giving them off-colour during the training (CS). His evaluation is also based on the number of trainees he produces for the company. When he increases the number of trainees that he has released to the companies, he feels that he has made a success. He also evaluates the efficiency of training by looking at those that like his training (CS). â€Å"Everyone likes his training and he does not have any problem in convincing managers to send their employees for training† (CS). Sam’s evaluation is against the expectations of the president. Sam’s evaluation is not based on productivity, but it is all about satisfaction. On the other hand, the president wants productivity per person to increase by fifty per cent. If Sam wants to meet the president’s objectives, he will need to align his evaluation to fall into productivity line. This implies introducing Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model. According to Noe and Winkler, (2012, p. 215, as cited in Week Six, slide six), Kirkpatrick’s model has five levels named reaction, learning, behavior, outcomes, and results. Reaction is all about the learner satisfaction, Learning is for determining whether the objectives have been met, Behavior is for identifying whether there has been behavior change at the workplace, Outcomes is for any change in the organization’s performance and its objectives, and Results is for the overall benefits for the organization (Week 6, n.d., slides 14-16) . If Sam applies this model for his evaluation, he will realize that he has been wrong all along and he will adjust his training strategies. He will realize that he has to realign his training strategies to be more effective and win new trainees. Q3ï ¼Å¡The President has asked Jenny to ‘take a close look at Sam’s operation’. Discuss how she should approach this and what she should report back to the President. To take a close look at Sam’s operation, Jenny will need to start attending some of Sam’s courses. She can also talk to some directly to determine how he prepares for his training and ask for the objectives of Sam’s training. However, attending the courses directly will be the best approach because she will have primary data from what she sees and determine whether Sam’s training is productive-oriented or is only meant for making an easy earning from telling off-colour jokes. The purpose of attending the training is to identify the methods that Sam uses to rain the employees. According to the lecture notes for week seven, (n.d., slide 1), there are three methods of training namely presentation methods, hands on methods,and group building methods. According to Blanchard and Thacker (2013, p. 210), most trainings require a combination of methods. Miri et al. (2014, p. 221), however, argue that not every method of training is suitable and the trainer has to c hoose the method that suits the trainees. According to Gallo, (A., 2010), the best method to give feedback to the manager is first to determine how the manag...

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Essay on Ambition in Macbeth - 1788 Words

In the play of â€Å"Macbeth†, Shakespeare gradually and effectively deepens our understanding of the themes and most importantly the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. The main theme of Macbeth is ambition, and how it compels the main characters to pursue it. The antagonists of the play are the three witches, who symbolise the theme appearance and reality. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s relation is an irony throughout the play, as most of their relation is based on greed and power. This is different from most of Shakespeare’s other plays, which are mostly based on romance and trust. There is also guilt that leads Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to the final consequences of the play. As the progresses, the constant changes in Macbeth and Lady†¦show more content†¦The witches proclaim a prophecy to Macbeth, in which he will be the Thane of Glamis then the Thane of Cawdor then become a king in the near future. This startles Macbeth as most turns out to be true but he also starts hoping that the prophecy comes true. However, when Macbeth goes to meet King Duncan, he discovers that Malcolm will be Duncan’s heir, and not him. At this point, Macbeth’s intentions turn evil, which he feels guilty about: â€Å"Stars, hide your fires, let not light see my black and deep desires.† The language Shakespeare uses here gives us an insight that evil acts are done in the dark, therefore Macbeth does not want the â€Å"stars† light to shine upon his dark side and reveal his â€Å"deep desires†. After leaving King Duncan’s castle, Macbeth goes home and tells his wife about King Duncan arriving at their place. Lady Macbeth, knowing the prophecy, decides to help Macbeth fulfil his ambition by planning Duncan’s death. However, Macbeth struggles with his conscience before â€Å"this night’s great business†. He is in a dilemma on whether he should take advantage of Duncan’s arrival and fulfil his ambition or not: â€Å" But in these cases we still have judgement here, that we but teach bloody instructions, which being taught return to plague th’inventor.† At this point, Shakespeare has created a dilemma for Macbeth, as Macbeth is in doubt of what he should do. He is aware that what goesShow MoreRelatedAmbition And Ambition In Macbeth1240 Words   |  5 Pagesintroduced to Macbeth in the play, King Duncan of Scotland is hearing how General Macbeth and General Banquo subdued Norwegian forces and arrested the Thane of Cawdor for treason. He seems to have a high moral standing and is a strong character, but Macbeth and Banquo meet three witches in the woods, they refer to him as Baron of Glamis, Baron of Cawdor, and then king. They also say that although Macbeth will be king, Banquos sons will become kings as well, even if Banquo will not. Macbeth was alreadyRead MoreAmbition And Ambition In Macbeth1996 Words   |  8 PagesAmbition can either be to one’s benefit or lead to one’s downfall. In William Shakespeare’s, Macbeth, ambition plays a great role on the characters lives as their actions and ambition shapes thei r future. Shakespeare showcases how one’s decisions because of their ambitions and overconfidence can lead to their own downfall while examining the actions of Lady Macbeth, King Duncan and Macbeth. To begin, the decisions Lady Macbeth makes to fulfil her ambitions for power leads to her own downfall. FirstlyRead MoreMacbeth Ambitions967 Words   |  4 PagesLuca What is ambition? In the dictionary ambition is defined has â€Å"an earnest desire for some type of achievement or distinction, (ex) power, honor, fame, or wealth. The willingness to strive for its attainment†. From this definition I do not even believe that Macbeth really had any ambition of his own. I do not think his ambition was not Macbeth’s greatest weakness but more is gullibility and being able to be swayed into the directions of others. In the story of Macbeth of Macbeths miss fortuneRead MoreAmbition in Macbeth1062 Words   |  5 PagesAmbition is often the driving force in one’s life. It can have an extremely dominant impact on not only yourself, but also many people in your surroundings. You have the ability to control if the outcomes either have a lasting negative or positive effect. When a goal requires determination and hard work to complete, personal morals often take a back seat to the aspiration of accomplishing the goal. In Shakespeareâ€⠄¢s Macbeth, it is clear that like many other great leaders, Macbeth exemplifies the necessaryRead MoreAmbition In Macbeth983 Words   |  4 Pages The Destructive Power of Ambition Ambition can be the one thing that drives people forward in life, motivating and inspiring them to be successful, but, ambition can also lead to one’s demise, infecting anyone and everyone involved. In the play Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, Macbeth’s ambition is the main cause for the destruction of those around him. Macbeth’s thirst for power puts an end to many lives of many innocent individuals, as he is blind from all sense of rationality due toRead MoreMacbeth Ambition809 Words   |  4 PagesRepresentations of ambition within Macbeth Within Macbeth, there are numerous representations of human values and conflicts, including duty vs. desire, the effects of a guilty conscience on the human journey and the differences between genders, and the superiority of men within the play, and the modern era. The value foregrounded throughout this text is the representations of ambition within the play Macbeth, and we will be focusing on the protagonist of the story, ironically named Macbeth. The effectRead MoreTheme Of Ambition In Macbeth1552 Words   |  7 PagesIn the play, Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, ambition is the key theme throughout the plot. It is the sole reason the events occur as they do. Many refer to Macbeth as the play of ambition due to this very reason. However, as we read through the play we begin to see effects of each character’s desires on themselves as well as those who surround them. We see some characters follow their ambition through violent ways while some achieve it through manipulation. Three characters in particularRead MoreUncontrolled Ambition in Macbeth901 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Macbeth: Ambition Gone Wrong Introduction It’s good to have ambition, as it’s the foundation of a successful life. Ambition means to have strong desire towards achieving something. Because of this, it’s true that one without ambition will struggle, however sometimes, our own ambitions and desires can change us for the negative. Ambition in its nature can tempt obsessive behaviour, which has a destructive nature of its own. When an ambition purely of passion turns into obsession, it ultimatelyRead MoreThemes Of Ambition In Macbeth1038 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeares Macbeth, means that the blood of the victim will seek out the blood of the murderer; in this case, that is Macbeth. This play is full of many central themes that display the different sides of the characters. Although Macbeth proves to be very power hungry; greed, ambition, and also revenge fuel the individuals in this play, whether it be for the right or wrong reasons. Ambition, a strong desire to do or achieve something, is a theme that shows throughout all of Macbeth. The most ambitiousRead MorePower And Ambition In Macbeth746 Words   |  3 PagesThe bloodstained tragedy of Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, captures the destructive physical and psychological effects ambition can cause on those seeking power for individual benefit. The play focuses on Macbeth, a heroic Scottish general, who encounters a trio of witches who prophesied that Macbeth will become the King of Scotland. Absorbed in ambition and motivation from his wife, Macbeth does the unthinkable for the Scottish throne – murders King Duncan. Marking the inception of Macbeth’s

Saturday, May 9, 2020

The Shmoop Essay Topics Great Expectations Cover Up

<h1> The Shmoop Essay Topics Great Expectations Cover Up </h1> <h2> The Do's and Don'ts of Shmoop Essay Topics Great Expectations </h2> <p>When you work on composing, regularly there's a solid chance of turning into a generally excellent author later on. Remember you may cause clever pugnacious papers in the event that you to do a couple of things. Along these lines, the peruser may likewise feel the most ideal approach to be in that particular birthday celebration. Any individual who read a ton can sharpen his jargon aptitudes, which are incredibly indispensable for any awesome author so they could undoubtedly create the tales and utilize the most reasonable word for practically any idea that is being passed on. </p> <h2> The Nuiances of Shmoop Essay Topics Great Expectations</h2> <p>You first need to build up the purpose for your paper, before it's conceivable to compose powerful substance about it. Test article addresses will b e reliant on the point, obviously. Remember that you're scanning for a paper point which tends to the novel. An incredible exposition subject is one which focuses at a charming conversation. </p> <p>Last, in case you're uncertain about how to structure your paper, you can rely upon article formats. Exposition plans can be advantageous in helping you to remember significant focuses that might be utilized to cover in your paper. Seeing an article point that is as too expansive won't empower you to really expound. The Study Problem must fulfill up with the time constraint picking a subject that is sufficiently convincing to support more examination is significant. </p> <h2> The Truth About Shmoop Essay Topics Great Expectations </h2> <p>In school, exposition composing has been made to be a piece of our learning action. The last review should be brief with firm language. Discovering how to form a paper is something which will help understudies in their school and school vocation, yet for an incredible duration moreover. </p> <p>Students simply need to find their specialty from the huge number of subjects they can investigate. They can compose enlightening articles various ways. They will think that its simpler to expound on points that they are keen on, and it will make the inquiring about procedure a lot more straightforward. For instance, they may expound on the advantages of a veggie lover diet. </p> <h2>Life After Shmoop Essay Topics Great Expectations </h2> <p>Although the author is simply portraying the subject, there should at present be rationale to follow. In many occurrences, you need to think about a subject that will empower others to comprehend your perspective, and mentioning to them to feel that what you compose is valid. Set your goal first, at that point produce a way to compose it in a charming way for your perusers to savor. Next, you need to consider the strategy on how you wish to hand-off it to your perusers. </p> <p>What you seek to encourage your peruser will choose the kind of your paper. On the off chance that you exploit an inquiry, use the issue then-arrangement position. At the point when you pick the correct theme you will guarantee it is appealing to the peruser. You can generally give more subtleties when your audience requests more. </p> <h2> Shmoop Essay Topics Great Expectations - What Is It?</h2> <p>The idea isn't to consider the theme for any length of time however to just say whatever comes into your brain once the point is raised. Making a blueprint is a noteworthy segment of composing. The structure is everything when it has to do with a science paper. You should partake in broad researching to cover all components of the subject and all purpose of perspectives by various people. </p> <h2> Key Pieces of Shmoop Essay Topics Great Expectations </h2> <p>There are various methods for composing a paper however the essential str ucture remains the equivalent. Every one of these assortments of paper is possessed by the class of enlightening exposition. Be explicit of what you're talking about in the paper. You're currently arranged to create your absolute first research paper and you can't choose what things to compose it on. </p> <p>Social science expositions offer you a chance to introduce your assessment and shout out. Discourse issue are very easy to perceive by a layman. You should pick a general theme and when you have you can start by doing some examination on it. </p> <h2>The Shmoop Essay Topics Great Expectations Cover Up </h2> <p>Quite essentially, the government official who might want a vote, or the phony news sites that simply need a tick. Perusing offers numerous focal points to people who want to become incredible journalists later on. On the off chance that you investigate the life expectancy of most of fruitful individuals inside the world, a great deal of them sharpened their aptitudes in a standard premise, which in the long run lead to their current status as effective people. Among the most predominant issues in our present reality is the matter of deforestation. </p>

Friday, May 8, 2020

Tips For Writing Good Psychology Essay Topics

Tips For Writing Good Psychology Essay TopicsIf you have ever applied for a job, attended a university, or even passed a class on Psychology, you have likely come across good Psychology essay topics. As you search for topics to write for these types of courses, here are some tips to consider before writing.* An interesting topic is the first thing that people notice about an essay. You may think that your topic will attract attention and make it stand out among all the other essays that are similar in nature. However, you need to be careful that you avoid topics that are too far-fetched or that will seem too dull for the class, thus coming across as cheesy.* The fact that you can discuss any type of topic does not mean that you can let it go as long as you want. Be careful not to get bored and actually tune out as soon as you reach the end of the topic. This can cause a major drop in your grade, so do not allow this to happen. Instead, keep your mind occupied with interesting topics to stay motivated throughout the entire composition process.* Now, do not automatically select an interesting topic just because it looks easy. In order to make a good topic, you need to come up with a good choice of words and phrases that will help to make the most out of your topic.* Be aware that there is a tremendous amount of information that is available online. In other words, what you may think to be one great idea may actually be another one that is slightly different.* Take into consideration whether you have the adequate knowledge base to write a thesis topic, or are you just passing through on a whim. This is important so that you can go into your course prepared to write.It is not difficult to come up with good essay topics. Just be careful to avoid topics that are too common, and too boring.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Effects Of Divorce On Adolescent Development Essay

Context Throughout history, many parents go through a legal dissolution of marriage by court called divorce. According to Pickhard (2009) many statistics suggest around 50% of first marriages divorce. Divorce can have tremendous impacting effects on those experiencing it. Not only does divorce effect parents, but it furthermore impacts adolescents as well. Adolescents may sometimes have a hard time dealing with the separation of their parents as they are going through crucial life changes as well. It is a key concern of the influence divorce has on adolescent’s development and life. Current Research The Impact of Parents’ Divorce on Adolescents Development There are significantly increased risk factors for teens whose parents get divorced. Hudson (2010) states that there are significantly increased risk factors for teens whose parents get divorced. Risk factors for child of divorce parents range from teen delinquency to the use of drugs and alcohol. Though all adolescents may not go through the factors listed, most whose parents’ are divorced are at increased risk. Divorce is unquestionably tough for everyone who its impacts. Adolescents can have a hard time dealing with their parents separating and being torn between them. Hudson (2010) states research suggests that most adjustment problems occur within the first two years following their parent’s divorce or remarriage. The adjustments problems can cause an adolescent to spiral between internal emotions and externalShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Divorce On Child Development1194 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ef fects of Divorce on Child Development I met the love of my life in my financial accounting class. He was charming, and intelligent, and he carried himself well. Early into our relationship I realized underneath this assuring exterior, was a broken, unstable man. He had issues with trust, and he always took many health risks. He explained to me how hard it was for him to attach himself to people because he figured they would leave anyways. Nothing is forever. he seemed to believe. On topRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture1678 Words   |  7 PagesNature Versus Nurture Personality development expands far past the environment. Environment contribute to most of the personality development when it comes to nature versus nurture. Nature versus nurture is a trait that is typically inherited in the human society. Humans see things good or bad within the environment and mimic it. There are questions that still remain about nature versus nurture and the environment. Research is still ongoing and theories are still being made or developed. ScientistsRead MoreLiterature Review On Divorce1010 Words   |  5 PagesREVIEW: Divorce is an event that can change the lives of all members involved. It is, most times, a series of negative events that eventually lead to the separation. Although it may be necessary in certain situations, separation can cause great stress and can impose harmful effects on children. As Aaron Brownlee stated in the Journal of Undergraduate Research, prior studies have shown that lack of cohesion and with no ability to express though ts openly in the family contributed to negative effects ofRead MoreThe Family Of A Family1373 Words   |  6 Pagesfamily members is ideal because minds that are open are more liable to preventing any anger that their adolescents might express. If these challenges get the best of a family, it has the potential to increase hostility and create remoteness between the adolescents. If a family resolves their disagreements, it can strengthen, enforce the family relationships and have a positive effect on the adolescents. Over the past centuries in the United States, the perfect American family was a father who workedRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children From Divorced Parents And Intact Families Essay1590 Words   |  7 PagesWith divorce rates rising over the years, over 50 percent of marriages will end in a divorce. Is this high divorce rate affecting the children from these divorced families, and if so how is it affecting the children? Or what if a married couple who is unhappy decides to stay together for the children? How does an intact but unhappy family affect the children? So to answer your questions Dr. Phil, I have put together a report from many different books, articles and studies on the effects on a childRead MoreDivorce Has A Huge Impact On My Life1668 Words   |  7 Pagesto a divorce. Since I was extremely young, I cannot remember how it affected me. But once I got into grade school, I was in great knowledge that something was different. I then started to understand the affects my parents’ divorce had on me such as anger, resentment, feeling of loneliness, and prob-lems with communication. Now that I am a young adult, I still feel like I am being affected by those same problems except now I am able to control myself when I start to feel the symptoms. Divorce has hadRead MoreFamilial Support For Children During The Stressful Period Of Divorce Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pagessupport for children. In many cases, parents or other family members are not able to be as supportive to their children during the stressful period surrounding divorce. One study by Amato (1993) noted that divorce is one of the life’s most stressful occurrences, and adults experience significant difficulty in their life adjustment after the divorce, which may impact their interactions with their children. Parents are less emotionally available during this time (Riggio Valenzuela, 2011), and the helpRead MoreEssay on Effects of Divorce on a Child1464 Words   |  6 PagesDivorce is a very common word in todays society. According to the American Heritage Dictionary, divorce is the legal dissolution of a marriage or a complete or radical severance of closely connected things(Pickett, 2000). This dissolution of marriage has increased very rapidly in the past fifty years. In 1950 the ratio of divorce to marriage was one in every four; in 1977 that statistic became one in two. Currently one in ever y two first marriages results in divorce. In second marriages thatRead MoreThe Effects of Unconventional Guardians on the Behavior of Adolescents900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Unconventional Guardians on the Behavior of Adolescents We live in a society in which the unconventional or non-traditional family has become more or less the social norm. More and more households are divided or consist of blended families, single parents, gay and lesbian couples, etc., and it can have a major effect on the behavior of youth of today. A predominant factor in all of this is the incidence of divorce. Two people get married too early and decide to have children, thenRead MoreThe Effects of Divorce on Children Essay768 Words   |  4 Pageswill experience the divorce of their parents before they reach age eighteen (D. Matthews). Research suggests that divorce creates harm to children and affects development of children in a variety of ways. Research also suggests that divorce also has both short-term and long term effects on children. This paper will focus on the history of divorce in our society and current statistics, how divorce affects the level of trust in familial and social relationships, and how divorce creates an u nhealthy

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Comparing The Figure Company With Another â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Comparing The Figure Company With Another? Answer: Introduction BHP Billiton is considered one of the biggest players in the resource industry that has its operations diversified throughout the world. It is primarily dual listed and is situated in Australia with primary listing on the Australian Stock Exchange. It is the largest producer of items like coal, iron ore, etc that facilitates in the generation of higher revenues. The company has also diversified its affairs in the production of gas, oil, etc. The key priority of the company is to possess a mechanism that can lower the cost of its assets and that are divided by the market and other geographical boundaries (BHP Billiton, 2016). Moreover, the prior objective is to address the requirements of its customers and for such purpose, BHP intends to extract minerals, oil, and gas from diversified places situated in Australia. In addition to this, BHP Billiton comprise of a workforce containing more than one lakh employees that are directed towards the attainment of the companys goals and visions operations. Framework BHP Billitons efficient corporate planning process has allowed it to address major challenges prevailing in its path towards success. Further, such challenges mainly relate to the external environment and addressing the same assists in enhancing the total return. Furthermore, the planning strategy of the company is established in such a way that it facilitates in mitigating several uncertainties that prevail internationally. Nevertheless, the framework of the company also plays a key role in structuring the external concerns that incorporate technical, political, and governance factors (Albrecht et.al, 2011). Moreover, the prevalence of compliance and governance processes within the companys operations assures that all the internal control mechanisms are properly framed so that other strategies are not affected as well. On a whole, BHPs framework is designed in a way that allows it to tackle adverse circumstances and build a path for safe future (Brigham Daves, 2012). Major sources of finance The total debt of the company comprise of interest-bearing liabilities and in relation to the same, the company have also issued US$5 billion global bonds. Furthermore, in the year 2015, the net cash flow of the company increased to US$284 that enhanced from US$8.3 million in the past years. BHP does not consider the policy of commercial papers for financial purposes that are majorly assisted by credit facilities. Instead, the company utilizes a hybrid of multi-currency for financing its operations. Further, based on the new structured policy of the company, lesser dividend was paid to the shareholders. The primary objective of the Group is to possess and operate significant assets that are of high effectiveness and with low costs so that future goals can be achieved (Subramanyam Wild, 2014). With the assistance of gearing ratio, the company has financed its major businesses. Further, the groups exposure is to present to the risk of interest rates on its major borrowings that are outstanding in nature. Besides, the company is doing the sustenance of such risk of interest rate through the mechanism of portfolio risk management (Deegan, 2011). Further, the group at fixed interest rates issues debts and their exposure is also prevalent to the swapping of interest rates. Nevertheless, the financing activities of the company consists of receipts from the liabilities that possess an interest bearing nature and other gains from debt-related measures, ordinary shares, payment of dividends, buy-back, etc. Thus, these major financing activities generate cash flow for the group. Financial ratio and capital structure It can be witnessed from the computation that the companys liquidity is effective and therefore, it can easily address its obligations. Further, the companys current assets are adequate to cater to current liability requirements in the future. Besides, the increment in the liquidity ratios of the company like quick ratio and current ratio clearly proves the fact that strong importance is being given to liquidity over the years (Porter Norton, 2014). In contrast to this, the companys decline in net profit margin in the current year must be addressed as soon as possible. Capital structure In relation to BHP Billiton, it can be witnessed from the computation of various capital structure ratios that the company has relied on debt over the years and the ratios clearly support this fact. In simple words, it can be said that the capital structure of the company is comprised of debt more than any other source of finance that is a bad indicator for future aspects. As a result, massive outflow of cash will be facilitated through interest on such debts and the equity ratio being less than 0.50 is of some relief for the company. This means, higher such ratio, the more beneficial it will be for the company (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2011). ANZ Bank ANZ Group offers a wide range of financial and banking products and services to its customers. It is regarded as the fourth largest bank of Australia based on market capitalization that aims to serve more than four million customers through a network of more than 1500 ATMs and 900 branches scattered all around the globe. The major operations of the company derive from Australian business with retail banking and commercial banking dominating in nature. Additional retail banking affairs of the company are situated in the Asia-Pacific region that includes Hawaii and Indonesia (ANZ, 2016). Other services and products of the company also comprise of consumer financing, mortgage financing, wealth management, rental services, equipment and vehicle financing, corporate banking, etc. In order to cater to all these services, the company has more than $914 billion assets that make it a tougher competitor in the eyes of other banks. Trend The position of ANZ stands strong because of the prevalence of $914.9 billion assets in the year 2016. Such assets are of world class that plays a key role in serving as a strong driver of performance. Furthermore, the company has also delivered an efficient financial performance based on management of tight costs and market share gains with small and retail business franchises producing powerful outcomes. In relation to employees, the company has indemnified specific employees from and against damage, loss, penalty, expense, etc so that they can operate in good faith and in a manner that they believe to be within the companys scope. Overall, along with an emerging economy and powerful base of infrastructure, the groups long-term perspective is very strong despite encountering huge losses in the current year. This can be proved by the fact that its operating income declined to $561 million and its operating expenses enhanced to $1044 million that is eleven percent more than the past year. The primary business model of the company comprise of raising resources through wholesale debt markets, customer deposits, and lending of such resources to the ultimate consumers. Further, the Group attains major revenues from its wealth businesses through the offering of superannuation, insurance, and fund management services. In addition, the group acquires funds from market businesses from trading, sales, and risk management affairs as a whole. The company also focuses on its Corporate Sustainability Framework that allows it to deliver responsible and fair banking to its customers. Furthermore, such framework allows it to assist the delivery of its business strategy (Davies Crawford, 2012). Besides, while acknowledging the challenges in future, it is worth depicting on the contributions the bank has made. This can be proved by its community investments of $90 million that is around 85% of the public sustainability targets of the bank. The risk management framework also allows it to create value for the business and which is vital for its smooth functioning. Major sources of finance It can be witnessed from the annual report of ANZ that the year 2016 has been a transition phase for it owing to a statutory profit after tax of $5.7 billion that is down by 24%. This shows that its financial position is very weak. Furthermore, owing to derivation of income, the bank has primarily four sources of income. Net interest income that depicts the difference betwixt the interest income attained by the company on its lending affairs minus the interest paid on wholesale funding and customer deposits (Fields, 2011). Net fee and commission income that depicts fee income attained on non-lending and lending financial products and services. Net insurance income and fund management that depicts income attained from offering of insurance, investment, and superannuation outcomes (Choi Meek, 2011). Lastly, other sources which depicts revenues attained from sales, risk management, and trading activities. Capital structure and financial ratio In the case of ANZ, it can be seen that the debt proportion of the company is relatively low and less than one over the years. However, it has been increasing every year that is a major concern that must be addressed. Further, the equity ratio of ANZ is less than 0.50 over the year that is a bad indicator for future growth. Financial ratio The current ratio of ANZ is significantly above 1.5 over the years but it started declining from 2014 and it reported at 0.26 in the year 2016 that is a bad indicator in terms of liquidity. Further, in relation to net profit ratio, the same have increased over the years but it started declining from 2015 and so on. This is a very bad indicator in terms of profitability and the same must be addressed as soon as possible by the company (Brealey et. al, 2011). Corporate Governance Statement It can be seen from the annual reports of both the companies that they are committed towards maintaining an enormous standard in their respective governance frameworks. Both the companies confirm that they have adhered to the ASX Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations and compliance of the same can be viewed in their respective websites. Furthermore, relevant details regarding the stakeholder engagement model can also be viewed in the corporate governance section of both the companies. Sustainability It can also be seen from the annual reports of both companies that sustainability is at the core of their charter values. On one hand, the framework of corporate sustainability of ANZ assists it in delivering responsible and fair banking to the customers (Shah, 2013). Similarly, on the other hand, the framework of sustainability in BHP Billiton assists it in integrating environmental, safety, health, and other socio-economic factors for relevant decision-making. Nevertheless, both the companies play an important role in economic development and enhancement of living standards of people (Horngren, 2013). Besides, as a part of making a relevant and efficient contribution as community partners, both the companies seek long-term relationships that can assist them in respecting rural culture and establish lasting benefits. Capital management When it comes to ANZ and BHP Billiton, it can be witnessed that investors in BHP Billiton were depressed because of low returns in the capital returns. However, the same can be attributed to the fact that the companys capital management is very ineffective and weak in nature. On the other hand, even though ANZ has witnessed a loss in the year 2016, yet it pursues a stronger capital management approach that assists it to safeguard the interests of shareholders, depositors, and creditors. Furthermore, for achieving such purpose, ANZ possesses an ICAAP (Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process) that assists it in conducting detailed capital and strategic planning over a long-term medium horizon (ANZ, 2016). Credit rating ANZ stresses on maintaining a strong credit rating of AA- that is fundamental to the ongoing stagnancy of the company. On the other hand, BHP has better credit rating of A that allows it to attain competitive advantage in the resource industry (BHP, 2016). Besides, if the credit ratings of BHP is altered, future cash flows and capability to access capital will be badly affected and if ratings of ANZ is altered, the most affected will be its risk profile, operating performance, and capital structure (ANZ, 2016). BHP relies majorly on debt to finance its operations but ANZs capital structure does not accommodate enormous debt components, as it remains lower than one. The profitability of both companies has witnessed a decline over the years because of major financing of operations and the same is required to be addressed immediately. The ability to develop can be witnessed in BHPs case because of stronger fundamentals in comparison to ANZ Recommendation It can be witnessed from the report that both companies have abilities to grow stronger in future and market fluctuations have immensely affected them in a negative way. This shows that market fluctuations play a relevant role in the development of both companies. However, on one hand, BHP relies more on debt while on the other hand, ANZs capital structure is stagnant. Such debt can prove negative for BHP and if corrective actions are not taken, it may face massive issues. 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Choi, R.D Meek, G.K 2011, International accounting, Pearson . Davies, T. Crawford, I 2012, Financial accounting, Harlow, England: Pearson. Deegan, C. M 2011, In Financial accounting theory, North Ryde, N.S.W: McGraw-Hill. Fields, E 2011, The essentials of finance and accounting for nonfinancial managers, New York: American Management Association. Horngren, C 2013, Financial accounting, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson Australia Group.